Spectroscopic Studies of Synthetic and Natural Saponites: A Review

Saponite is a trioctahedral 2:1 smectite with the ideal composition MxMg3AlxSi4−xO10(OH,F)2.nH2O (M = interlayer cation). Both success of saponite synthesis and determination its applications depends on robust knowledge structure saponite. Among routine characterization techniques, spectroscopic methods are most common. This review, thus, provides an overview various to characterize natural synthetic saponites focus extensive work by one authors (JTK). The Infrared (IR) Raman spectra discussed in detail including assignment observed bands. crystallization based changes IR possible model provided. emission spectroscopy has been used study thermal situ dehydration (partial) dehydroxylation up 750 °C. 27Al 29Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (as well as 11B 71Ga for B- Ga-Si substitution) respect to, particular, Al(IV)/Al(VI) Si/Al(IV) ratios. X-ray photoelectron chemical information some related local environments different elements reflected their binding energies.